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海上风电发展历史、现状与趋势
Development history, current status, and trends of offshore wind power
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- DOI:
- 作者:
- 王天英
Wang Tianying
- 作者单位:
- 中石化胜利石油工程有限公司钻井工艺研究院，山东东营 257000
- 关键词:
- 海上风电；发展历史；发展现状；发展趋势；浮式风电；“双碳”目标
offshore wind power; development history; development status; development trend; floating offshore wind power; goals of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”
- 摘要:
- 全球气候变化与能源转型的双重背景下，海上风电凭借其技术成熟、清洁高效等优势，已成为推动能
源结构转型升级的关键力量。系统梳理海上风电技术演进脉络与产业化发展进程，重点关注由近海固定式向深
远海浮式开发迈进的转型趋势。全球海上风电历经技术验证、商业化开发、规模化发展和稳步提升4个发展阶
段；我国海上风电虽起步较晚，但依托政策引领与自主技术创新，实现了跨越式迅猛发展，累计装机规模稳居
全球首位，在全球海上风电总装机容量中占比超50%，且核心装备国产化水平显著提升；尽管浮式风电仍处于
示范应用与技术探索阶段，但其技术储备与项目规划充分彰显了其在深远海风能资源开发中的巨大潜力；未来
行业发展将聚焦风电机组大型化、风电场集群化、运维智能化及多能互补一体化等方向。作为实现“双碳”目
标的重要清洁能源支柱，海上风电的战略地位日益凸显，需持续健全产业链体系以推动产业高质量可持续发
展，国有企业应把握能源转型战略机遇，主动担当并积极发挥引领示范作用。
Against the dual background of global climate change and energy transition, offshore wind power, with its characteristics of mature technology, cleanliness, and high efficiency, has become a key force driving the transformation and upgrading of the energy structure. This paper systematically reviewed the technological evolution and industrialization process of offshore wind power, focusing on the transition trend from nearshore fixed-bottom development to deep-water and far-shore floating development. The global offshore wind power has undergone four stages of technological verification, commercial development, large-scale development, and steady improvement. Although offshore wind power in China started relatively late, it has achieved rapid leapfrog development relying on policy guidance and technological innovation. Its cumulative installed capacity firmly ranks first globally, accounting for over 50% of the total global installed capacity of offshore wind power, and the localization level of core equipment has significantly improved. Although floating offshore wind power is still in the stage of demonstration application and technical exploration, its technical reserves and project planning fully demonstrate its huge potential for deep-water and far-shore development. Future development will focus on directions such as the large-scaling of wind turbines, the clustering of wind farms, intelligent operation and maintenance, and integrated multi energy complementarity. As an important clean energy pillar to achieve the goals of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, offshore wind power has an increasingly prominent strategic position. It is necessary to continuously improve the industrial chain system to promote high-quality and sustainable development of the industry. State-owned enterprises should seize opportunities, take the initiative to assume responsibilities, and actively play a leading and exemplary role.