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基于磁性纳米粒子的稠油破乳技术研究
Heavy oil demulsification technology based on magnetic nanoparticles
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- DOI:
- 作者:
- 陈春花
Chen Chunhua
- 作者单位:
- 中国石油华北油田公司第一采油厂，河北任丘 062552
- 关键词:
- 稠油破乳；磁性纳米粒子；单宁酸改性；微波协同；循环回收
heavy oil demulsification; magnetic nanoparticle; tannic acid modification; microwave co-demulsification; recycling
- 摘要:
- 针对稠油开采中采出液乳化稳定性高、破乳能耗大、周期长、药剂用量多等问题，本文开发了一种高
效、节能且可回收的新型破乳技术。利用共沉淀法与表面改性技术制备分散性良好、具有超顺磁性和强亲水性
的TA-γ-Fe₂O₃磁性纳米粒子，研究破乳剂质量浓度、破乳温度、破乳时间等因素对其破乳性能的影响，进一
步通过响应曲面法优化TA-γ-Fe₂O₃与微波协同破乳的关键参数，并在某油田联合站现场进行应用验证。结果
显示：单宁酸（TA）改性显著提升了粒子的亲水性与分散性；在破乳剂质量浓度80 mg/L、破乳温度60 ℃、
破乳时间90 min的条件下，单独使用TA-γ-Fe₂O₃时的破乳率达83.1%，优于未改性粒子；经响应曲面法优化
后，在TA-γ-Fe₂O₃质量浓度65 mg/L、微波功率600 W、微波加热时间70 s的协同条件下，破乳率最高可达
99.6%，且静置沉降时间缩短至60 min；现场应用后将外输原油体积含水率均值从0.62%降至0.37%，循环
次数为30次，破乳率仍保持在96.0%左右，回收率约为90%。研究成果可为稠油采出液处理地面工艺的简化
优化提供理论依据。
To address the problems of high emulsification stability of produced fluids, high demulsification energy consumption, long cycles, and large dosage of demulsifiers during heavy oil extraction, this study develops a novel high-efficiency, energy-saving, and recyclable demulsification technology. TA-γ-Fe2 O3 magnetic nanoparticles with sound dispersibility, superparamagnetism, and strong hydrophilicity are prepared by adopting the co-precipitation method and surface modification technology. The effects of factors such as demulsifier concentration, demulsification temperature, and demulsification time on the demulsification performance are studied. Furthermore, the key parameters of TA-γ-Fe2 O3 and microwave co-demulsification are optimized by employing the response surface methodology. The technology is applied and verified at a joint station of an oilfield. The results show that tannic acid (TA) modification significantly enhances the hydrophilicity and dispersibility of the particles. Under the demulsifier mass concentration of 80 mg/L, demulsification temperature of 60 ℃, and demulsification time of 90 min, the demulsification rate of TA-γ-Fe2 O3 alone is 83.1%, which is superior to that of unmodified particles. After optimization by the response surface methodology, the demulsification rate reaches up to 99.6% under the TA-γ-Fe2 O3 concentration of 65 mg/L, microwave power of 600 W, and microwave heating time of 70 s, with the static sedimentation time shortened to 60 min. After field application, the average volume fraction of water in the transported crude oil decreases from 0.62% to 0.37%, the cycle number is 30, and the demulsification rate remains at around 96.0%, with a recovery rate of approximately 90%. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the simplification and optimization of the ground processing technology for heavy oil produced fluids.