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基于双重本构模型的交互地层钻头结构参数优化研究
Optimization of bit structural parameters for interbedded strata based on dual constitutive model
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- DOI:
- 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2206.2026.02.007
- 作者:
- 秦汉, 岳阳明, 张小林, 蔡璐
- 作者单位:
- 中国铁建港航局集团有限公司, 广东珠海 519000
- 关键词:
- 交互地层; 钻齿结构优选; LS-DYNA仿真; 双重本构模型; 分级卸荷; 应力分析
interbedded strata;optimization of cutter structure;LS-DYNA simulation;dual constitutive model;step-wise unloading;stress analysis
- 摘要:
- 针对软硬交替地层钻进过程中极易出现的钻头偏移、冲击波动及破岩效率下降等工程难题，以钻头结构参数优化为核心，系统研究了不同钻齿结构在该类地层中的受力特性与破岩响应规律。通过构建考虑波阻抗差异的非线性动态仿真模型，采用硬岩与软岩双重本构，精确模拟了钻齿穿越岩性突变界面时的应力波反射与损伤演化过程。对比分析了阶梯齿、三翼齿与十字齿在砂岩-泥岩交替层中的应力分布与裂纹扩展路径，揭示了阶梯齿通过“分级卸荷”与“应力阴影”效应有效抑制“粘滑振动”的动态机理。在此基础上，结合室内物理钻进实验平台，建立了“仿真应力场-宏观井壁-微观岩屑”的多维耦合验证方法。实验结果证实：阶梯齿诱导的“体积破碎”模式在破岩效率、钻进稳定性及磨损均匀性方面均表现最优；而十字齿虽瞬时冲击应力较高，但易引发剧烈粘滑振动，仅适用于浅层短时作业。研究阐明了非均质地层钻齿的破岩机理，可为深部复杂地层钻头优化设计提供理论支撑。
To address the engineering challenges such as bit deviation, impact fluctuations, and reduced rock-breaking efficiency that frequently occur in alternating soft and hard strata, this paper focuses on optimizing bit structural parameters and systematically investigates the mechanical characteristics and rock-breaking response laws of different cutter structures in such strata. By constructing a non-linear dynamic simulation model considering wave impedance differences and adopting a dual constitutive model for hard and soft rocks, this study accurately simulates the stress wave reflection and damage evolution processes when cutters cross abrupt lithological interfaces. The stress distribution and crack propagation paths of step-shaped, tri-wing, and cross-shaped cutters in alternating sandstone-mudstone layers were comparatively analyzed, revealing the dynamic mechanism by which the step-shaped cutter effectively suppresses“stick-slip vibration”through the“step-wise unloading”and“stress shadowing”effects. On this basis, combined with an indoor physical drilling experimental platform, a multi-dimensional coupled verification method of “simulated stress fieldmacroscopic wellbore-microscopic cuttings” was established. Experimental results confirmed that the “volumetric crushing” mode induced by the step-shaped cutter performed best in terms of rock-breaking efficiency, drilling stability, and wear uniformity. Conversely, although the cross-shaped cutter had high instantaneous impact stress, it easily triggered severe stick-slip vibration and was only suitable for short-term shallow operations. This study elucidates the rock-breaking mechanism of cutters in heterogeneous strata, providing reliable theoretical support for the optimal design of bits in deep complex strata.