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自升式钻井平台精就位压载风险及防控技术
Risks and control techniques of precise positioning and preload for jack-up rigs
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- DOI:
- 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2206.2026.02.004
- 作者:
- 何志刚, 王柏和, 谌小勇
- 作者单位:
- 中国石油集团海洋工程有限公司钻井分公司, 天津 300450
- 关键词:
- 精就位; 穿刺分析; 漂浮压载; 错位压载纠偏; 土体破坏
precise positioning;punch-through analysis;floating preload;misalignment preload correction;soil failure
- 摘要:
- 自升式钻井平台精就位压载过程中，受海流、风浪、地质条件及操作因素影响，存在桩腿异常下沉、穿刺、滑桩失稳等风险。通过对中油海20平台、中油海21平台在不同海床浅地层地质条件下的精就位压载作业进行实践，验证了漂浮压载、连续踩踏、错位压载纠偏3项风险防控技术的可行性。实践表明，优化桩腿压载顺序、采用反向控制滑桩位移、错位压载纠偏及连续踩踏技术，可有效规避滑桩失稳风险；漂浮压载无需预留升船气隙，通过动态调整压载水量并实时监测桩腿承载力变化，能显著降低穿刺风险。该研究成果为同类自升式平台在复杂海床地质条件下安全高效完成精就位压载作业提供了技术支撑与工程实施依据。
During the precise positioning and preload process of jack-up rigs, risks such as abnormal pile leg sinking, puncture, and sliding pile instability may occur due to ocean currents, wind waves, geological conditions, and operational factors. Through research on precise positioning and preload operations at Zhong You Hai 20 and Zhong You Hai 21 platforms under different shallow seabed geological conditions, the feasibility of risk prevention and control technologies such as floating preload, continuous tramping, and misalignment preload correction was verified. Practical experience shows that by the preload sequence optimization of the pile legs, reverse control of the sliding pile distance, misalignment preload correction and continuous trampling, the risk of the sliding pile instability can be eliminated. Floating preload does not require reserving an air gap for rig lifting. By dynamically adjusting the preload water volume and monitoring the changes in the bearing capacity of the legs in real time, the risk of puncture can be effectively reduced. The research achievement provides technical support and engineering implementation basis for the safe and efficient completion of precise positioning and preload of similar jack-up rigs in complex seabed geological conditions.