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低输量含蜡原油管道清防蜡措施研究
Research on wax cleaning and prevention measures for low-throughput waxy crude oil pipelines
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- DOI:
- 作者:
- 任民传
- 作者单位:
- 中国石油华北油田公司，河北任丘 062552
- 关键词:
- 含蜡原油；蜡沉积；清管周期；电磁加热；OLGA模拟；功率密度
waxy crude oil; wax deposition; pigging cycle; electromagnetic heating; OLGA simulation; power density
- 摘要:
- 针对某低输量含蜡原油管道存在的蜡沉积严重、清管周期制订不合理等问题，采用室内实验、软件模
拟与现场应用相结合的方法，系统开展清防蜡措施研究。首先，对原油及蜡沉积物进行系统的物性测试与分
析；其次，基于OLGA多相流模拟软件建立蜡沉积模型，对比了RRR、MATZAIN和HEATANALOGY三种经典
蜡沉积模型的模拟精度，确定RRR模型可准确表征低输量工况下管道内的结蜡量；最后，对比不同清管周期确
定方法的合理性与适用性，并在管道析蜡初始位置布设电磁加热装置，以此改善管道全线热力分布状态，抑制蜡沉积生成。研究结果表明，该管道蜡沉积物具有蜡组分富集、分层老化的显著特征，且管道底层蜡沉积物结
构尤为致密稳定；以收球筒实际处理能力为核心约束条件，将原经验性的10.0 d清管周期修正为15.0 d；通过
技术经济性对比，优选出功率密度800 W/m、加热距离500m的电磁加热最佳方案，该方案可将管道全线温
度稳定维持在析蜡点以上，15.0 d清管周期结束后，清管蜡沉积量降至32.6 kg，蜡沉积微观形态由致密块状转
变为松散颗粒状，蜡沉积抑制效果明显。研究结果可为低输量含蜡原油管道的安全、经济、稳定运行提供可靠的技术支撑。
To address the problems of severe wax deposition and unreasonable formulation of the pigging cycle in a low-throughput waxy crude oil pipeline, this paper systematically conducted research on wax cleaning and prevention measures by combining laboratory experiments, software simulation, and field application. First, systematic physical property testing and analysis were conducted on the crude oil and wax deposits. Subsequently, a wax deposition model was established based on the OLGA multiphase flow simulation software. The simulation accuracies of three classic wax deposition models, namely RRR, MATZAIN, and HEATANALOGY, were compared, and it was finally determined that the RRR model could accurately characterize the wax deposition amount in the pipeline under low-throughput conditions. Finally, the rationality and applicability of different determination methods for the pigging cycle were compared, and an electromagnetic heating device was deployed at the initial position of wax precipitation in the pipeline to improve the thermal distribution status of the entire pipeline and suppress the generation of wax deposition. The results indicate that the wax deposits in the pipeline have significant characteristics of wax component enrichment and stratified aging, and the structure of the bottom wax deposits is particularly dense and stable. With the actual processing capacity of the pig receiver as the core constraint condition, the original empirical pigging cycle of 10.0 d is revised to 15.0 d. Through technical and economic comparison, the optimal electromagnetic heating scheme with a power density of 800 W/m and a heating distance of 500 m is selected. This scheme can stably maintain the temperature of the entire pipeline above the wax precipitation point. After the 15.0 d pigging cycle ends, the amount of pigging wax decreases to 32.6 kg; the microscopic morphology of wax deposition changes from dense blocky to loose granular, and the wax deposition inhibition effect is obvious. The research results can provide reliable technical support for the safe, economical, and stable operation of low-throughput wax-containing crude oil pipelines.