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压缩空气储能及管材适用性分析
Compressed air energy storage and pipe suitability
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- DOI:
- 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2206.2026.02.012
- 作者:
- 孙宏, 李建一, 何森, 张晨鹏, 宗秋丽, 王玉
- 作者单位:
- 1. 中国石油集团渤海石油装备制造有限公司, 天津 300457; 2. 华油钢管有限公司河北省高压管线螺旋焊管技术创新中心, 河北沧州 062658; 3. 渤海石油装备福建钢管有限公司, 福建福州 350512
- 关键词:
- 压缩空气储能; 盐穴; 管道; 疲劳; 腐蚀
compressed air energy storage;salt cavern;pipeline;fatigue;corrosion
- 摘要:
- 随着风电、光伏等新型清洁能源装机规模的快速提升，其稳定性差导致发电侧与用电侧在时间维度上的不匹配问题日益突出。为应对这一挑战，多种储能技术应运而生，主要包括抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能、电化学储能等。其中，抽水蓄能与压缩空气储能适用于长时储能场景，而压缩空气储能因布置灵活、受地理条件限制较小，近年来发展尤为迅速。系统梳理了压缩空气储能技术及其配套用钢管的研究现状，重点分析了该领域管材服役特点及选材方向。研究了压缩空气储能技术、压缩空气储能场景用管材及其服役条件。研究表明，盐穴储气是压缩空气储能的主流方式，多个项目已进入商业运行；人工硐室储气尚处于试验阶段，金属容器类储气装置也已逐步推广。在注采管材方面，碳钢与部分不锈钢材料不适用于盐穴环境下长期服役，碳钢管材主要适用于无腐蚀性环境的人工硐室的注采场景。对于采用储气管道方案的空气储能系统，以X80钢为代表的高钢级、大口径直缝或螺旋埋弧焊管具有良好的适用性。建议开展超大规格（管径≥2 000 mm、壁厚≥25.4 mm）X80钢级螺旋埋弧焊管的系统研究，以满足10 MPa及以上压力等级储气装置的发展需求。
With the rapid development of new clean energy such as wind power and photovoltaics, their poor stability has gradually led to the problem of mismatch between power generation and consumption. As a response, various energy storage technologies have been developed, including pumped storage, compressed air storage, and electrochemical energy storage. Pumped storage and compressed air energy storage are the most prominent in the field of long-term energy storage. Compressed air energy storage has developed rapidly due to its flexible layout and fewer limits from geographical conditions. Through the systematic analysis of the current situation of compressed air energy storage technology and supporting steel pipes, this article summarized the service characteristics and material selection directions of pipes used in the field of air energy storage. Compressed air energy storage technology, the pipes used in compressed air energy storage scenarios, and their service conditions were studied. The results show that salt cavern gas storage is the mainstream direction of compressed air energy storage, and multiple projects have entered commercial operation. Artificial chambers are currently in the experimental stage for gas storage, and metal container-type gas storage devices have also been gradually promoted. Regarding injection-production tubing, carbon steel and some stainless steel are not suitable for long-term service in salt cavern environments, and carbon steel pipes are mainly suitable for injection and production in non-corrosive environments of artificial caverns. When a compressed energy storage system adopts the gas storage pipeline scheme, high-grade and large-diameter longitudinal submerged arc welded pipes or spiral submerged arc welded pipes represented by X80 grade steel exhibit good applicability. It is recommended to carry out systematic research on ultra-large-diameter (pipe diameter ≥ 2 000 mm, wall thickness ≥ 25.4 mm) X80 steel spiral submerged arc welded pipes to meet the development requirements of gas storage devices with pressure ratings of 10 MPa and above.