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高能旋流复合精细滤床在油田采出水处理中的效能优化研究
Performance optimization of high-energy vortex composite precision filter bed in produced water treatment
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- DOI:
- 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2206.2025.06.014
- 作者:
- 敖露
AO Lu
- 作者单位:
- 大庆油田水务环保公司, 黑龙江大庆 163000
Daqing Oilfield Water Company, Daqing 163000, China
- 关键词:
- 高能旋流反冲洗; 复合精细滤床; 采出水; 化学驱
high-energy vortex backwashing;composite precision filter bed;produced water;chemical flooding
- 摘要:
- 针对化学驱油田采出水中聚合物和表面活性剂含量高导致的传统过滤工艺效率低、滤料再生困难等问题，通过构建核桃壳+石榴石复合滤床，结合高能旋流反冲洗系统，提出一种基于高能旋流反冲洗的复合精细滤床技术。系统考察了滤床结构、过滤速度和过滤时间对油和悬浮物去除效能的影响，确定复合精细滤床达到长期稳定过滤效能应具备的最佳运行条件；通过研究不同反冲洗强度对反冲洗效能的影响，确定了适宜的反冲洗强度和周期。实验结果表明：复合滤床（核桃壳0.7 m+石榴石1.1 m）对油和悬浮物的去除率分别达到88.2%和76.2%，较单层滤床对油的去除率提升了9.8%以上、对悬浮物的去除率最大提高了24.5%；最佳过滤速度为6 m/h时，滤床过滤压力稳定（0.13～0.15 MPa），出水含油量和悬浮固体含量分别降至12.2 mg/L和12.8 mg/L，较采出水站现有过滤工艺的去除率分别提高31.7%和15.9%。研究证实，高能旋流反冲洗复合精细滤床通过“聚结+过滤”耦合效应，能有效解决化学驱采出水的处理难题，可为油田回注水水质达标提供技术支撑。
In response to the issues of low efficiency in traditional filtration processes and difficulties in filter media regeneration caused by polymers and surfactants in the produced water from chemical flooding oilfields, this study proposed a composite precision filter bed technology by constructing a walnut shell/garnet composite filter bed combined with a high-energy vortex backwashing system. The effect of filter bed structure, filtration velocity, and backwashing time on the removal efficiency of oil and suspended solids was systematically investigated. The optimal operation conditions for the composite precision filter bed to achieve long-term stable filtration performance were confirmed. By studying the effect of different backwashing intensities on backwashing performance, the backwashing intensity and period were determined. According to the experimental results, the composite filter bed（walnut shell 0.7m + garnet 1.1m） achieves oil content and suspended solids removal rates of 88.2% and 76.2%, respectively, 9.8% higher than the oil removal rate of single-layer filter beds, and 24.5% higher in suspended solids removal rate. When the optimal filtration velocity is 6 m/h, the filter bed resistance remains stable（0.13～0.15 MPa）, and the effluent oil content and suspended solids concentration of the produced water reduce to 12.2 mg/L and 12.8 mg/L, respectively, 31.7% and 15.9% higher in removal rates than the existing filtration processes at the produced water treatment stations. The study confirms that the high-energy vortex backwashing composite precision filter bed, through the coupled effect of “coalescence + filtration” can effectively address the challenges of treating produced water from chemical flooding, providing technical support for meeting water quality standards in oilfield reinjection water.